Internal-combustion engine



J. LEMAIRE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 27. 1921.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEF LnMAmE, or KOLN-DELLBRUGK, GERMANY.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENG-INE- To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J osnr LEMAIRE a citizen of Germany, residing at Koln-Dellbruck,. Bensberger-Marktweg, Rhenish' 6,667/20; Hungary, Dec. 29, 1920, N0. 17,--

437 Great Britain, Jan. 10, 1921, No. 1,582/21; Sweden,'Mar. '16, 1921, No. 1,011; the Netherlands, Mar. 18, 1921, No. 18,442,

and in Belgium, Mar. 31, 1921, No. 236,-

317) and I do hereby declare the following .to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

v My invention relates to internal combustion engines of the type in which the cylinder is provided with an ignition chamber.

It is a well-known fact that these engines are very delicate as regards the conditions of temperature. For every load there exists only one favorable wall-temperature1 at which an almost complete combustion is obtained without soot and shocks being pro duced. The variable coolin as it is now generally in use for obtainlng the propeitemperature and which consists in the injection of'more or less water, is only an imperfect method, since if the load suddenly changes, the change of the water quantity admitted cannot be brought into accordance with the wall-temperature which changes more slowly because of the heat capacity.

Now, the present-invention has for its primary object to provide an engine of the character stated in which the ignition chamber is subjected to a constantly uniform temperature.

. Another object of the invention is to provide an engine in which a primary con.- stant fuel chargeis injected into the heated ignition chamber and an additional variable fuel charge is injected intothe combustion chamber in such a manner asv to cause the last-mentioned charge to be ignited by the first-mentioned one.-

A still further object of the "invention is to rovide for an effective mixing of the additional fuel charge with the compressed air contained in the combustion chamber,'in.

- pipe I).

} Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Feb, 14, 1922 Application filed May 27, 1921. Serial No. 473,034. i

order to .secure a combustion.

With these and other'ends in view my invention consists in the arrangement, construction and combination of the parts to be hereinafter described and shown in the accompanying drawing. The drawing illustrates a partial longituprofitable and complete dinal section through an engine constructed in accordance with the invention.

Referring now to the drawlngs in partlcu- -lar, A designates the engine cylinder, B the cylinder head and C the piston. For the purpose of cooling, the cylinder A and its head B are provided with a water jacket in the ordinary way. The cooling may also be effected in any other approved manner.

The cylinder head B is preferably'of the form shown and has arranged laterally upon o f a its outer side an ignition chamber a. Mounted in thewall of the chamber a is a fuel injecting nozzle 6 to which fuel is fed by a The chamber a is connected with the combustion chamber 0 by means of a channel'c traversing'the wall of the cylinder head B. Mounted in the end of the cylinder head B is the main fuel nozzle (5 to which fuel is admitted by a pipe at. The

jets of fuel ejected by the nozzle 03 are directed into the combustion chamber a as shown. 1

Now, it is to be understood'that the nozzle 6 injects into the ignition chamber a a fuel quantity which is always the same and which may'correspond to the quantity ordinarily injected when the engineis running light. It is evident that this constant fuel quantity will produce a heat quantity which likewise remains always constant so that, if

the chamber a, is made of dimensions which by conduction andv radiation ensure a constantly equal admission of heat, the most favorable temperature is always maintained.

The additional fuel charge which is necessary for operating the engine is admitted .through the nozzle 03 and is variable. Due'to the lateral arrangement of the ignition chamber'a .with relation to the combustion chamber c, as shown, the jet entering the chamber 0 from the chamber a through the channel 0' will cross the fuel jets ejected by the nozzle d-so that the latter will be effectively ignited by the first-mentioned jet.

The piston face is provided with a priscomplete combustion will take place.

matical projection e and the cylinder head B has a correspondingly formed contracted portion f which constitutes a passage connecting the interior of the cylinder A and the combustion chamber 0. When the piston is in motion the projection 6 will upset an air-whirl which at the end of the piston stroke will enter through the passage f into the combustion chamber 0 containing the air compressed by the piston. In the chamber 0 the said whirl will cause an eliici'ent atomization of the fuel and a good mixture of the fuel with the compressed air. A good ignition, atomization and mixing of fuel and air being thus secured, a shockless and The present engine on the one hand possesses over the self-ignition engines for heavy oils the advantage that it has a low compression pressure, while on the other hand itdoes not possess the well-known disadvantages of the low pressure engines with ignition chamber now in use.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a piston movable in the cylinder, a cylinder head, a combustion chamber, an ignition chamber and'cooling means for the cylinder and. its head, a fuel nozzle mounted in the wall of the ignition chamber and adapted to inject a constantly equal quantity of fuel into the ignition chamber, and another fuel nozzle mounted in the wall of the combustion chamber and adapted to inject a variablequantity of fuel into the combustion chamber.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising a. cylinder, a piston movable in the cylinder, a cylinder head, a combustion chamber formed in the cylinder head, an ignition chamber arranged at one side of the cylinder head, a. nozzle mounted in the wall of the ignition chamber and adapted to inject fuel into the same, and another nozzle mounted in the wall of the combustion chamber in axial direction of the cylinder and adapted to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, and a passage connecting the ignition chamber and the combustion chamber, said passage traversing the wall of the cylinder head and lyin in a. direction transverse to the axis of the cylinder so as to cause the jet entering the combustion chamber. through said passage to cross the jets discharged by the secondly mentioned fuel nozzle.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising a" cylinder, a piston movable in the cylinder, a cylinder head, a combustion chamber in the cylinder head, an ignition chamber formed at one side of the cylinder .jection being adapted to upset an a-irwhirl which is caused to enter the combustion chamber at the end of the piston-stroke.

An internal combustion engine compris ing a cylinder, a cylinder head, a combustion chamber formed in they cylinder head. an ignition chamber arranged at one side of the cylinder head, a nozzle mounted in the wall of the ignition chamber and adapted to inject fuel into the same, and another nozzle mounted in the wall of the combustion chamber adapted to inject fuel into the combustion chamber, and a passage for connecting the ignition chamber and the combustion chamber, said passage being positioned so as to cause the jet entering the combustion chamber therethrough to cross the jets discharged by the second mentioned nozzle.

5. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a combustion chamber beyond the cylinder and communicating therewith, an ignition chamber at the side of the combustion chamber having a passage communicating with the combustion chamber, means for feeding fuel into both chambers, the passage between the ignition and combustion chamber being positioned to direct the jet therefrom across the jet discharged by said means into the combustion chamber.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

dQSEF LEMAIRE. 

